The Judgment Seat of Christ: How to Be Ready

Podcast: Light on Life Season Twelve Episode Thirty-Eight

The Judgment Seat of Christ: How to Be Ready

Every believer will one day stand before the blazing brilliance of Jesus at the Judgment Seat of Christ. It’s not a throne of condemnation but a place of evaluation—where motives, faithfulness, and the quality of our work for God are tested by fire. Paul tells us to “take care how we build” on the foundation already laid, which is Christ Himself. This is no time for autopilot spirituality or half-hearted service. What we build, how we build, and why we build will all be revealed. The question is not whether you’ll be there—it’s whether you’ll be ready. That’s why on this week’s episode we cover, “The Judgment Seat of Christ: How to Be Ready” all on this week’s Light on Life.

Listen to the Audio

Click Play to Listen | Right Click to Download

Grow With God Every Week

Stay rooted in God’s Word! Subscribe to the Light on Life podcast and receive new teachings every Tuesday that help you grow strong in Him.

🎧 Apple Podcasts  |  🎧 Spotify  |  🎧 Amazon Music

The Judgment Seat of Christ: How to Be Ready Share on X

Read the Notes

You can view a basic transcript of this podcast at the bottom of this section.

Accept the Challenge

Each week’s podcast contains a call to action. The Word of God will not produce in your life unless you put into operation.
This weeks call to action:

Take a close look at how you’re building. Don’t drift through your Christian life on autopilot. Examine your motives, your energy, and your attitude toward the work God’s placed in your hands. Ask the Holy Spirit to show you where you’ve become sluggish or careless, and make the inward adjustment today. Build with gold, silver, and precious stones — works born of love, faith, and obedience — so that when your life is tested by fire, what remains will shine for His glory.

Join the Conversation

Each week’s podcast also contains a question designed to encourage testimony. Testimony is vital to a believers life. We overcome by it (Rev. 12:11).
This week’s question:

Question: What area of your spiritual life needs the most rebuilding right now — your diligence, your motives, or your faithfulness? How will you “take care how you build” this week so your work endures at the Judgment Seat of Christ?

Remember: Growth in God isn’t a solo journey — we build one another up when we share what He’s doing in our lives.

Drop your thoughts in the comments section below.

Episode Resources:

On Faith and Trusting God.

  1. More How to Release Your Faith with Words [Podcast]
  2. Why Possessing Patience Is A Powerful Step to A Faith Filled Life [Podcast]
  3. Why Praying in Faith Means to Believe You Receive [Encore Podcast]
  4. How You Can Demonstrate Powerful Faith in God [Podcast]
  5. Why Taking the Forgiveness Test Helps Your Faith in God [Podcast]
  6. Faith and Prayer: Important Lessons to Know [Podcast]
  7. Why It’s Important to Flow in Faith’s Domain [Podcast]
  8. Scriptures to Feed Your Faith and Combat Fear [Podcast]

We are currently teaching in the book of First Corinthians. You can click on the links below to listen to some of these podcasts.

  1. #S12-037: Built on the Powerful Rock: Jesus Is Our Cornerstone [Podcast]
  2. #S12-036: Why Growth Is a God Thing You Should Engage [Podcast]
  3. #S12-033: How to Live Satisfied and Gain Victory Over Strife [Podcast]
  4. #S12-032: How to Crucify Carnality and Live a Happy Life [Podcast]
  5. #S12-031: The Truth About What It means to Be Spiritually Mature [Podcast]
  6. #S12-030: Why You Need to Understand Jesus Crucifixion [Podcast]
  7. #S12-029: Why God’s Spirit Is Vital for Your Life [Podcast]
  8. #S12-028: Why the Human Spirit of Man Is the Real You [Podcast]
  9. #S11-050: What Does A Spiritually Mature Jesus Follower Look Like? [Podcast]
  10. #S11-049: Why Quality Decisions Can Positively Frame a Better Tomorrow [Podcast]
  11. #S11-016: Why Boasting Is Never Beautiful for Those Born Again [Podcast]
  12. #S11-015: Why Your Powerful Victory Over Satan’s Wisdom Is Certain [Podcast]
  13. #S11-014: How to SpotLight God’s Wisdom In Your Every Day Life [Podcast]
  14. #S11-013:Why Total Confidence in the Cross Means Ultimate Wisdom [Podcast]
  15. #S11-012: Why a Spirit of Division is Not Your Way [Podcast]
  16. #S11-011:Why Moving In Strife Means You Need To Grow [Podcast]
  17. #S11-010:How To Find Your Ultimate Calling for Your Life [Podcast]
  18. #S11-009:How to Live a Sustained and Guilt-Free Life [Podcast]
  19. #S11-008: What It Means to Be Really Mature in God [Podcast]
  20. #S11-007: What You Need to Know about Knowing God [Podcast]
  21. #S11-006: How to Impact an Immoral City: Lessons from Corinth [Podcast]
  22. #S11-005: Why You Can Overcome Weariness With God’s Amazing Grace [Podcast]
  23. #S11-004: Why God’s Thoughts On Discipline Are Superior To Yours [Podcast]
  24. #S11-003: Why God’s Love and Direction Are a Match Made in Heaven [Podcast]
  25. #S11-002:Why You Need God’s Protection in a World Gone Nuts [Podcast]
  26. #S11-001: Why Growing in Faith Brings Amazing Results [Podcast]
  27. #S10-052: Why Powerful Prayer to Advance the Gospel Is Right [Podcast]
  28. #S10-51: Reasons Why People Fail to Receive From God [Podcast]
  29. #S10-50: Why You Shouldn’t Be Quickly Shaken by Prophetic Happenings [Podcast]
  30. #S10-049: Why Jesus Proven Second Coming Produces Ironclad Hope
  31. #S10-048: Why God’s Amazing Dynamic Deliverance Is Coming Your Way [Podcast]
  32. #S10-047: What Does a Spiritually Healthy Jesus Follower Look Like to God? [Podcast]
  33. #S10-046: Why Repetition Is a Vital Need for Godly Spiritual Growth [Podcast]

About Emery

Emery committed his life to the Lord Jesus Christ over 40 years ago and has served as both a full-time pastor and an itinerant minister. Both he and his wife Sharon of 37 years emphasize personal growth and development through the Word of God. The ministry of the Holy Spirit is both the focus and the hallmark of their mission. Read more about them here.

You can find the Light On Life on the following platforms. Just click the logo!

Subscribe to the Podcast

If you have enjoyed this podcast, please subscribe.

  Spotify Logo: valor, história, PNGApple Podcast Logo PNG Transparent Images

 

 

 

Player FM update brings cool new functionality - Coolsmartphone

 

________________________________________________________________________

Podcast Notes

  • Well again, welcome.
  • Let’s pray.

Father God you are so good to let us know the future in advance. We give you the praise for this. Open to us your Word so that we can see where we need to come up. Open the eyes of our understanding here and now so that we may be also ready for the Rapture of the Church and the Judgment Seat of Christ. We want that meeting to go well and so we ask these things in Jesus’ Name, Amen.

1 Corinthians 3:10–15 (ESV) — 10 According to the grace of God given to me, like a skilled master builder I laid a foundation, and someone else is building upon it. Let each one take care how he builds upon it. 11 For no one can lay a foundation other than that which is laid, which is Jesus Christ. 12 Now if anyone builds on the foundation with gold, silver, precious stones, wood, hay, straw— 13 each one’s work will become manifest, for the Day will disclose it, because it will be revealed by fire, and the fire will test what sort of work each one has done. 14 If the work that anyone has built on the foundation survives, he will receive a reward. 15 If anyone’s work is burned up, he will suffer loss, though he himself will be saved, but only as through fire.

The Judgment Seat of Christ: Take Care How You Build

  • Let each one take care of how he builds upon Jesus foundation.
  • Take care — The word means to see, ‘to notice carefully,’ to be ready to learn about future dangers or needs, with the implication of preparedness to respond appropriately—‘to beware of, to watch out for, to pay attention to.’
  • This means that your heart and your mind have to be connected to the thing that you’re doing for God.
  • Autopilot does not work here.
  • Going through the motions does not work here.
  • Your work to God matters.
  • What matters even more are your motives and whether you put your heart and mind into your work.
  • This heart and mind piece is a supremely vital piece come Judgment Day.
  • This verse in Hebrews points to this.

Sluggishness

Hebrews 6:12 (ESV) — 12 so that you may not be sluggish, but imitators of those who through faith and patience inherit the promises.

  • The KJV says, ‘That you be not slothful, but followers of them who through faith and patience inherit the promises.’
  • The Greek word ‘sluggish’ or ‘slothful’ depending on what translation you read, means dull, or negligent1
  • We’re not talking about laziness here.
  • Sluggish means a lackadaisical attitude.
  • You understand what lackadaisical means?
  • We’re talking a lack of enthusiasm, energy, or effort.
  • Slothful or sluggish in the Greek implies a carefree indifference or a casual approach to tasks.
  • It means your heart is not in what you’re doing.
  • We’re talking about a person who is half-hearted, who shows little motivation or vigor in their actions.
  • A sluggish person has a casual, careless, listless, unenthusiastic attitude.
  • Jobs are performed with minimal effort.
  • We’re talking about being slothful here as the KJV says it.

Think about the Sloth

  • Think about a sloth.
  • And with that thought, here is the Illustration of the Day.

Think of a sloth lounging in a tree, taking its sweet time to get to its food. Sloths have a reputation for slow movement and low metabolisms. Did you know sloths are so slow that algae can grow on their fur? It’s like they’ve created their own little ecosystem! Sometimes, we attempt to do the work of God with the mindset of a sloth. We get what the Word of God calls weights stuck to us that slow us down. Other things than God preoccupy us, and our work for Him takes a back seat. We’ve talked about growth in previous podcasts, and that God designed everything in the known world to grow. But just as God put growth in your DNA, He also reminds us to get moving in our lives, shed the algae and the heaviness of inaction.

  • There’s another aspect to slothfulness.
  • It’s not just about having low energy in the things of God.
  • Rick Renner is a high-energy guy.
  • He says that the Lord spoke to him about slothfulness in his own life.
  • And with that thought, here is the Quote of the Day.
  • Rick said:

When I grasped what the word “slothful” really meant, I began wishing the Lord had accused me of laziness! I saw that “slothfulness” has nothing to do with the amount of energy you or I put out to do a job. Instead, it speaks of an inward condition. Even though it may look like we’re going somewhere on the outside, inwardly we’re stuck in “neutral” and going nowhere. In my case, I was doing a lot for the Lord at that time; however, right in the midst of all that activity, I was becoming hardened to the things of the Spirit. I was losing the edge I once possessed.2

  • I’ve been in this place.
  • Busy on the outside, disconnected on the inside.
  • It’s not a great place to be.
  • So, slothfulness is pointing to your energy level on the inside of you.
  • Getting saved is one thing.
  • Being eager and keeping that edge on the inside of you is building with the right material on Jesus’ foundation.

🪔 Mid-Episode Challenge

Don’t wait until eternity to evaluate your life—invite God’s inspection now. Ask Him to shine His light on your motives, your words, and your works. What’s being built on your foundation—wood, hay, or gold? Take a moment today to realign your priorities with what will last before His fire.

  • There’s another aspect to slothfulness.
  • It’s not just about having low energy in the things of God.
  • Rick Renner is a high-energy guy.
  • He says that the Lord spoke to him about slothfulness in his own life.
  • And with that thought, here is the Quote of the Day.
  • Rick said:

When I grasped what the word “slothful” really meant, I began wishing the Lord had accused me of laziness! I saw that “slothfulness” has nothing to do with the amount of energy you or I put out to do a job. Instead, it speaks of an inward condition. Even though it may look like we’re going somewhere on the outside, inwardly we’re stuck in “neutral” and going nowhere. In my case, I was doing a lot for the Lord at that time; however, right in the midst of all that activity, I was becoming hardened to the things of the Spirit. I was losing the edge I once possessed.2

  • I’ve been in this place.
  • Busy on the outside, disconnected on the inside.
  • It’s not a great place to be.
  • So, slothfulness is pointing to your energy level on the inside of you.
  • Getting saved is one thing.
  • Being eager and keeping that edge on the inside of you is building with the right material on Jesus’ foundation.

The Judgment Seat of Christ: What it Means to Work for God

  • Let’s go back and reread a portion of our passage.

12 Now if anyone builds on the foundation with gold, silver, precious stones, wood, hay, straw— 13 each one’s work will become manifest, for the Day will disclose it, because it will be revealed by fire, and the fire will test what sort of work each one has done.

  • Each one’s work will be manifest.
  • Let’s analyze the word ‘work’.
  • The Greek word ‘work’ is the word ‘ergon’ and it denotes action or active zeal in contrast to idleness, OR useful activity in contrast to useless busy-ness4
  • Our work for God must have have action, active zeal, and useful activity.
  • Working for God is not being idle, — God is always moving.
  • Laboring for God is not useless busy-ness.

Proverbs 21:5 (ESV) — 5 The plans of the diligent lead surely to abundance, but everyone who is hasty comes only to poverty.

  • Can we say it this way?: the plans of the diligent lead to a good outcome at the Judgment Seat of Christ.
  • But it’s not just about having plans.
  • Everybody has plans.
  • We must have the right plan because we are talking about Jesus’ foundation, and we are taking care, noticing carefully, watching for, and paying attention to how we’re building; that’s inward attitude.

Having the Right Plan

  • But we also have to make sure that we have the right plan.

Proverbs 19:21 (ESV) — 21 Many are the plans in the mind of a man, but it is the purpose of the LORD that will stand.

  • Many years ago the Lord said,

“Write a running commentary on the New Testament and publish it as your life’s written work.”

  • That was in 2004.
  • That’s the right plan and I have to do this willingly with all my heart.
  • About 6 years after this, He spoke to me about ‘word studies.’
  • He said,

“If you will do a Bible Word study every day of your life, you will certainly increase in spiritual depth. It’s a discipline piece; it will help you in your studies.”

  • Then He followed that up because I was lagging in this area, with this.

“This is how I want you to read your Bible: go through it verse by verse, looking at word definitions. Not by reading chapters. You get little that way. This is what I told you to do years before. Do word studies, and it will enrich your life.”

  • So to build like we are supposed to with precious metals on God’s foundation, like gold and silver, it takes the right plan executed with the right inward attitude.

The Judgement Seat of Christ: Your Work Will Be Manifest

  • Let’s move on.

each one’s work will become manifest, for the Day will disclose it, because it will be revealed by fire,

  • Do you understand that every child of God’s work, each one’s work, everybody’s work, every Jesus’ follower’s work, and your work will undergo three things?
  • Your work will be manifest, disclosed, and revealed by fire.
  • Let’s take these up one at a time.
  • First, your work for God will be ‘manifest.’
  • The Greek word ‘manifest’ means a sensory perception becoming visible.
  • It signifies something clearly seen and apparent.
  • Romans 1:19 uses the same word ‘manifest’ translated into its synonyms twice.

Romans 1:19 (ESV) — 19 For what can be known about God is plain to them, because God has shown it to them.

  • Did you hear the word plain?
  • It’s plain to them.
  • Did you hear the word shown?
  • What can be known about God is plain to the ungodly and the unrighteous, because God has shown it to them.
  • You could say it this way: what can be known about God is manifest to them, because God has manifested it to them.
  • Same thing.
  • He has made it clearly seen and apparent to the ungodly.
  • They have zero excuse.
  • The word manifest also means to be evident, clear, and plain.
  • Are you understanding what this word means?

Galatians 5:19 (ESV) — 19 Now the works of the flesh are evident: sexual immorality, impurity, sensuality,

  • The works of the flesh are evident so as to be readily known, visible, clear, plainly to be seen.
  • Just as the works of the flesh are manifest so will your spirit work be readily known, visible, clear, plainly to be seen.
  • Your work is going to be out there.
  • It’s going to be exposed for what it is.

Are You Looking Forward to the Judgment Seat of Christ?

  • Are you looking forward to that?
  • You know, if there are adjustments to make, consider making those today.
  • Because what will be manifest will be open, public, come to light, and become widely known. 5
  • No one can hide.
  • Manifest is just the way of things.
  • That’s what Jesus said: listen to Him.

Mark 4:22–23 (ESV) — 22 For nothing is hidden except to be made manifest; nor is anything secret except to come to light. 23 If anyone has ears to hear, let him hear.”

  • No one can keep their work, its quality, the motivation for it, its abundance, or the lack thereof a secret.
  • Christ Jesus will expose your work at His Judgment Seat.

Romans 14:10 (ESV) — 10 Why do you pass judgment on your brother? Or you, why do you despise your brother? For we will all stand before the judgment seat of God;

The Judgment Seat of Christ: Your Work Will Be Disclosed and Revealed

  • Here’s the second word used in relation to your work and the Judgment Seat of Christ, the word ‘disclosed.’

each one’s work will become manifest, for the Day will disclose it, because it will be revealed by fire,

  • The Greek word ‘disclosed’ means to make some matter known that was unknown or not communicated previously, reveal, make clear, show6
  • Other translations include to expose, to make clearly known, to show up to bring to light.
  • The Living Bible says so that all can see.
  • So what you have here in the word disclosed is another synonym for the word manifest.
  • And if you keep looking at the third ‘revealed,’ you’re going to find the same thing, another synonym!
  • The Greek word ‘revealed’ is a verb that means to be or become made known to the public; especially information that was previously known only to a few people or that was meant to be kept a secret.
  • So with these three words, the Holy Spirit of God is triple emphasizing to us that our work is going to be on full display, out in the open, no secrets, period.
  • This is the Bible.
  • This is the Word of God.
  • Get comfortable with this ‘out in the open’ concept.
  • You may be a private person but that won’t matter here.
  • Everything about your work will come out in the open — no secrets.

The Judgment Seat of Christ: Your Work Not Your Sins

  • Now, the scripture is not talking about your sins.
  • Thank God for that.
  • They are under the Blood of Jesus.
  • We’re not talking about your mistakes here.
  • They are forgiven and washed away as if they never occurred.

Isaiah 38:17 (ESV) — 17 Behold, it was for my welfare that I had great bitterness; but in love you have delivered my life from the pit of destruction, for you have cast all my sins behind your back.

  • If your sins are behind God’s back, that means they are not in front of His face.
  • Micah seven.

Micah 7:19 (ESV) — 19 He will again have compassion on us; he will tread our iniquities underfoot. You will cast all our sins into the depths of the sea.

  • The sins that were behind His back have been cast into deepest depths of the sea.
  • That means they are at the ocean floor where no man can see.
  • The Hebrew word ‘cast, ‘He cast your sins into the depths,’ means to eject, or to dispose of something dead.7
  • What do you do with something dead?

Your Sins Are Buried

We had a ferrel cat roaming our neighborhood. He was a pain in the hips because we feed birds in our backyard and birds and cats don’t go together. We kept having to chase it out of our backyard. I have to admit that I had unkind thoughts about that cat. I just didn’t care for it messing with the birds. One day we found this cat dead by the side of our property. What do you with the cat’s body? Well, you can’t just leave it there. You have to bury it our of sight.

  • Once, you bury it out of sight, it’s no longer there.
  • Only the memory is left.
  • Now, where your sins are concerned, there’s been a burial.
  • There’s been a casting away.
  • All that is left is the memory and here is the work of the enemy.
  • He tries to torment you with that memory.
  • But you’re a growing child of God.
  • You know Hebrews 6:1, the fundamental principles of the doctrine of Christ.
  • You know that we’ve repented from dead works to serve the living God.
  • This is salvation.
  • Your sins are washed away.
  • This is 1 John 1:9 in action.

1 John 1:9 (ESV) — 9 If we confess our sins, he is faithful and just to forgive us our sins and to cleanse us from all unrighteousness.

  • You’re clean.
  • You’re righteous.
  • Jesus did it!

The Judgment Seat of Christ: The Fire Reveals

  • Okay, so let’s hear this again.

each one’s work will become manifest, for the Day will disclose it, because it will be revealed by fire, and the fire will test what sort of work each one has done. 14 If the work that anyone has built on the foundation survives, he will receive a reward. 15 If anyone’s work is burned up, he will suffer loss, though he himself will be saved, but only as through fire.

  • When we think of the Judgment Seat of Christ, people normally get negative.
  • They bypass verse fourteen and they jump immediately to ‘If anyone’s work is burned up, he will suffer loss.’
  • Now verse fifteen is true.
  • Fire burns up wood, hay, and straw.
  • The fire is going to burn up wrong motives.
  • Wrong motives is wood, hay, and straw.
  • But I choose to believe that you’re straightening out your motives and that your work is the Plan of God and Holy Spirit led.
  • Mark this down.

All Good Works Will Be Rewarded

  • Any good works done in Jesus Name will not be forgotten even to the smallest detail.

Matthew 10:40–42 (ESV) — 40 “Whoever receives you receives me, and whoever receives me receives him who sent me. 41 The one who receives a prophet because he is a prophet will receive a prophet’s reward, and the one who receives a righteous person because he is a righteous person will receive a righteous person’s reward. 42 And whoever gives one of these little ones even a cup of cold water because he is a disciple, truly, I say to you, he will by no means lose his reward.”

  • You see, just as fire burns up the negative, it purifies the positive and leaves behind a legacy that lasts.
  • If you take a pot of salt water from the sea and you boil it until all the moisture is gone in the pot, what you have left is the salt and minerals that were in that water.
  • If you’re after the minerals, then fire is what you want.
  • Fire gives light.
  • Fire provides heat.
  • Fire is a good thing.

The Judgment Seat of Christ: Fire and Light

  • Let’s talk about fire and light for a moment.
  • The fire of God is bright and intense.
  • That means the Judgment Seat of Christ will be a bright place full of light.
  • Can we say tons of light.
  • Light so bright there are no shadows.
  • Isn’t light much better than darkness?

John 3:20–21 (ESV) — 20 For everyone who does wicked things hates the light and does not come to the light, lest his works should be exposed. 21 But whoever does what is true comes to the light, so that it may be clearly seen that his works have been carried out in God.”

  • Clearly seen.
  • There’s that concept again.
  • Fire is a characteristic of God that provides light.

1 John 1:5 (ESV) — 5 This is the message we have heard from him and proclaim to you, that God is light, and in him is no darkness at all.

  • That’s what you’re dealing with at the the Judgment Seat.
  • You’re dealing with Jesus who is in the image of God and God is light.
  • Beautiful, bright, clean and heavy light.
  • James says, ‘God is the Father of lights.’
  • That’s James 1:17.

The Judgment Seat of Christ: Fire and Heat

  • Then with fire, you are also have the heat component.
  • What does the heat do?
  • It’s intense.
  • Fire purifies.
  • If your works are gold, fire will show it be so.
  • If your works are silver or precious stones, it will do the same.

The Judgment Seat of Christ: Review

* So, how do you get ready for the Judgment Seat of Christ.
  • Well, we gave you several things.
  • Number one: Take care how you build.
  • Two: avoid spiritual sluggishness and lackadaisical faith.
  • Three: build with precious materials — that’s right motives, diligence, skill, heart, and above all, faith.
    • Four: Maintain an eager, inward zeal rather than hollow busyness.
  • Five: Understand that our sins are buried, but our works will be tested.
    • Six, with that understanding in tow, aim for reward, not loss — let the fire refine, not consume.

Call to Action:

  • If today’s message stirred you to take a closer look at what you’re building, don’t wait.
  • Start today by renewing your zeal, refocusing your motives, and re-committing every work to Jesus.
  • The fire ahead isn’t meant to destroy — it’s meant to reveal what’s precious.
  • Be a wise builder.
  • Build what lasts.
  • And if this teaching helped steady your heart, share it with a friend who needs a reminder that the Judgment Seat of Christ is not a place to fear, but a place to shine.
  • You can find the full podcast notes from this episode and the interactive study guide, scriptures, and reflection questions at https://emeryhorvath.com.
  • Let’s pray.

Father God, stir up the fire in us today. We commit to examining our motives and re-committing our works back to you. We do it in Jesus’ Name, Amen.

  • The Judgment Seat of Christ: How to Be Ready.
  • You guys have a great God week in Jesus’ Name, Amen.

References:

  1. Ceslas Spicq and James D. Ernest, Theological Lexicon of the New Testament (Peabody, MA: Hendrickson Publishers, 1994), 552.
  2. Rick Renner, Sparkling Gems 99 3853–3869 Kindle
  3. Rick Renner, Sparkling Gems 99 3853–3869 Kindle
  4. George Bertram, “Ἔργον, Ἐργάζομαι, Ἐργάτης, Ἐργασία, Ἐνεργής, Ἐνἑργεια, Ἐνεργέω, Ἐνέργημα, Εὐεργεσία, Εὐεργετἑω, Εὐεργέτης,” in Theological Dictionary of the New Testament, ed. Gerhard Kittel, Geoffrey W. Bromiley, and Gerhard Friedrich (Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 1964–), 635.
  5. Timothy Friberg, Barbara Friberg, and Neva F. Miller, Analytical Lexicon of the Greek New Testament, Baker’s Greek New Testament Library (Grand Rapids, MI: Bits & Bytes, Inc., 2000), 396.
  6. William Arndt et al., A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2000), 222.
  7. Ludwig Koehler et al., The Hebrew and Aramaic Lexicon of the Old Testament (Leiden: E.J. Brill, 1994–2000), 1528.